save - 🌲 Sonamu

save is a method that saves or updates records. It automatically handles INSERT/UPDATE using UpsertBuilder and executes safely within a transaction.

save is not defined in BaseModelClass. It’s a standard pattern automatically generated by the Syncer in each Model class when you create an Entity.

Type Signature

async save(
  saveParams: SaveParams[]
): Promise<number[]>

Auto-Generated Code

Sonamu automatically generates the following code based on your Entity:

// src/application/user/user.model.ts (auto-generated)
class UserModelClass extends BaseModelClass {
  @api({ httpMethod: "POST", clients: ["axios", "tanstack-mutation"] })
  async save(spa: UserSaveParams[]): Promise<number[]> {
    const wdb = this.getPuri("w");

    // 1. Register records with UpsertBuilder
    spa.forEach((sp) => {
      wdb.ubRegister("users", sp);
    });

    // 2. Execute Upsert within transaction
    return wdb.transaction(async (trx) => {
      const ids = await trx.ubUpsert("users");
      return ids;
    });
  }
}

How it works:

getPuri(“w”): Gets write Puri from BaseModelClass method
ubRegister(): Registers records with UpsertBuilder
transaction(): Starts transaction
ubUpsert(): Automatically handles INSERT/UPDATE and returns IDs

Parameters

saveParams

Array of record data to save. Type: SaveParams[]

type UserSaveParams = {
  id?: number; // If present: UPDATE, if absent: INSERT
  email: string;
  name: string;
  status?: string;
  // ... other fields
};

// Save single record
await UserModel.save([{ email: "john@example.com", name: "John" }]);

// Save multiple records
await UserModel.save([
  { email: "john@example.com", name: "John" },
  { email: "jane@example.com", name: "Jane" },
]);

Role of id

If id exists: UPDATE the record with that ID
If id is absent: INSERT a new record

// INSERT (no id)
await UserModel.save([{ email: "new@example.com", name: "New User" }]);

// UPDATE (with id)
await UserModel.save([{ id: 1, email: "updated@example.com", name: "Updated Name" }]);

Return Value

Type: Promise<number[]> Returns an array of IDs for the saved records.

// INSERT
const [id] = await UserModel.save([{ email: "john@example.com", name: "John" }]);
console.log("Created ID:", id); // 123

// UPDATE
const [id] = await UserModel.save([{ id: 123, name: "John Smith" }]);
console.log("Updated ID:", id); // 123

// Multiple records
const ids = await UserModel.save([
  { email: "a@example.com", name: "A" },
  { email: "b@example.com", name: "B" },
]);
console.log("Created IDs:", ids); // [124, 125]

Basic Usage

Create New Record (INSERT)

import { UserModel } from "./user/user.model";

class UserService {
  async createUser(email: string, name: string) {
    const [id] = await UserModel.save([
      {
        email,
        name,
        status: "active",
        created_at: new Date(),
      },
    ]);

    return { id };
  }
}

Update Record (UPDATE)

async updateUser(userId: number, name: string) {
  const [id] = await UserModel.save([
    {
      id: userId,
      name,
      updated_at: new Date()
    }
  ]);

  return { id };
}

Upsert (INSERT or UPDATE)

async upsertUser(userData: { id?: number; email: string; name: string }) {
  const [id] = await UserModel.save([userData]);

  return { id };
}

UpsertBuilder How It Works

1. Register Records (ubRegister)

async save(spa: UserSaveParams[]): Promise<number[]> {
  const wdb = this.getPuri("w");

  // Register each record with UpsertBuilder
  spa.forEach((sp) => {
    wdb.ubRegister("users", sp);
  });

  // ...
}

2. Execute Transaction

// Execute upsert within transaction
return wdb.transaction(async (trx) => {
  const ids = await trx.ubUpsert("users");
  return ids;
});

3. Automatic INSERT/UPDATE Handling

UpsertBuilder automatically performs INSERT or UPDATE based on the presence of the id field:

-- No id: INSERT
INSERT INTO users (email, name, status)
VALUES ('john@example.com', 'John', 'active')
RETURNING id;

-- With id: UPDATE
INSERT INTO users (id, email, name)
VALUES (123, 'john@example.com', 'John Smith')
ON CONFLICT (id)
DO UPDATE SET
  email = EXCLUDED.email,
  name = EXCLUDED.name
RETURNING id;

Batch Save

You can save multiple records at once.

async bulkCreateUsers(users: { email: string; name: string }[]) {
  const ids = await UserModel.save(
    users.map(user => ({
      email: user.email,
      name: user.name,
      status: "active",
      created_at: new Date()
    }))
  );

  return { count: ids.length, ids };
}

Saving Relationship Data

1:N Relationship

// Save post + comments
const postId = await PostModel.save([
  {
    title: "My Post",
    content: "Content here",
  },
]);

await CommentModel.save([
  {
    post_id: postId[0],
    content: "First comment",
  },
  {
    post_id: postId[0],
    content: "Second comment",
  },
]);

N:M Relationship

// Save user + assign roles
const userId = await UserModel.save([
  {
    email: "admin@example.com",
    name: "Admin User",
  },
]);

await UserRoleModel.save([
  {
    user_id: userId[0],
    role_id: 1, // Admin
  },
  {
    user_id: userId[0],
    role_id: 2, // Editor
  },
]);

Practical Examples

User Signup
Update Profile
Create Post
Create Order

import { UserModel } from "./user/user.model";
import { api, BadRequestException } from "sonamu";
import bcrypt from "bcrypt";

class AuthFrame {
  @api({ httpMethod: "POST" })
  async signup(params: {
    email: string;
    password: string;
    name: string;
  }) {
    // Check email duplicate
    const existing = await UserModel.findOne("A", {
      email: params.email
    });

    if (existing) {
      throw new BadRequestException("Email already in use");
    }

    // Hash password
    const hashedPassword = await bcrypt.hash(params.password, 10);

    // Create user
    const [id] = await UserModel.save([
      {
        email: params.email,
        password: hashedPassword,
        name: params.name,
        status: "active",
        email_verified: false,
        created_at: new Date()
      }
    ]);

    return {
      id,
      email: params.email,
      name: params.name
    };
  }
}

import { UserModel } from "./user/user.model";
import { Sonamu, api, UnauthorizedException } from "sonamu";

class UserFrame {
  @api({ httpMethod: "POST" })
  async updateProfile(params: {
    name?: string;
    bio?: string;
    avatar_url?: string;
  }) {
    const { user } = Sonamu.getContext();

    if (!user) {
      throw new UnauthorizedException("Login required");
    }

    // Update profile
    const [id] = await UserModel.save([
      {
        id: user.id,
        ...params,
        updated_at: new Date()
      }
    ]);

    // Fetch updated user info
    const updated = await UserModel.findById("A", id);

    return updated;
  }
}

import { PostModel } from "./post/post.model";
import { Sonamu, api } from "sonamu";

class PostFrame {
  @api({ httpMethod: "POST" })
  async createPost(params: {
    title: string;
    content: string;
    tags?: string[];
  }) {
    const { user } = Sonamu.getContext();

    // Create post
    const [postId] = await PostModel.save([
      {
        user_id: user.id,
        title: params.title,
        content: params.content,
        status: "draft",
        created_at: new Date()
      }
    ]);

    // Save tags
    if (params.tags && params.tags.length > 0) {
      await TagModel.save(
        params.tags.map(tag => ({
          post_id: postId,
          name: tag
        }))
      );
    }

    return {
      id: postId,
      title: params.title
    };
  }
}

import { OrderModel, OrderItemModel } from "./models";
import { Sonamu, api, transactional } from "sonamu";

class OrderFrame {
  @api({ httpMethod: "POST" })
  @transactional()
  async createOrder(params: {
    items: Array<{
      product_id: number;
      quantity: number;
      price: number;
    }>;
    shipping_address: string;
  }) {
    const { user } = Sonamu.getContext();

    // Calculate total
    const total = params.items.reduce(
      (sum, item) => sum + (item.price * item.quantity),
      0
    );

    // Create order
    const [orderId] = await OrderModel.save([
      {
        user_id: user.id,
        total_amount: total,
        status: "pending",
        shipping_address: params.shipping_address,
        created_at: new Date()
      }
    ]);

    // Create order items
    const itemIds = await OrderItemModel.save(
      params.items.map(item => ({
        order_id: orderId,
        product_id: item.product_id,
        quantity: item.quantity,
        price: item.price
      }))
    );

    return {
      orderId,
      itemCount: itemIds.length,
      total
    };
  }
}

Partial Update

You can update only specified fields.

// Update only name
await UserModel.save([
  {
    id: 123,
    name: "New Name",
    // Other fields remain unchanged
  },
]);

// Update multiple fields
await UserModel.save([
  {
    id: 123,
    name: "New Name",
    email: "new@example.com",
    updated_at: new Date(),
  },
]);

Fields not specified are not changed. To set a field to NULL, explicitly pass null.

Transactions

save automatically executes within a transaction.

// Automatic transaction
return wdb.transaction(async (trx) => {
  const ids = await trx.ubUpsert("users");
  return ids;
});

With @transactional

import { api, transactional } from "sonamu";

class UserFrame {
  @api({ httpMethod: "POST" })
  @transactional()
  async createUserWithProfile(params: { email: string; name: string; bio: string }) {
    // Create user
    const [userId] = await UserModel.save([
      {
        email: params.email,
        name: params.name,
      },
    ]);

    // Create profile
    await ProfileModel.save([
      {
        user_id: userId,
        bio: params.bio,
      },
    ]);

    // Both succeed or both fail (atomicity)
    return { userId };
  }
}

Validation

1. Automatic Zod Validation

SaveParams are automatically generated as Zod schemas from Entity definitions.

// Automatically validated
await UserModel.save([
  {
    email: "invalid-email", // ❌ Email format validation fails
    name: "John",
  },
]);

2. Custom Validation

async createUser(params: UserSaveParams) {
  // Check email duplicate
  const existing = await UserModel.findOne("A", {
    email: params.email
  });

  if (existing) {
    throw new BadRequestException("Email already in use");
  }

  // Check password strength
  if (params.password.length < 8) {
    throw new BadRequestException("Password must be at least 8 characters");
  }

  return await UserModel.save([params]);
}

API Usage

Auto-Generated save API

// Model class
class UserModelClass extends BaseModelClass {
  @api({ httpMethod: "POST", clients: ["axios", "tanstack-mutation"] })
  async save(spa: UserSaveParams[]): Promise<number[]> {
    // Auto-generated code
  }
}

Client Code

import { UserService } from "@/services/UserService";

// Create user
const ids = await UserService.save([
  {
    email: "john@example.com",
    name: "John",
  },
]);

React (TanStack Query)

import { useMutation } from "@tanstack/react-query";
import { UserService } from "@/services/UserService";

function CreateUserForm() {
  const createUser = useMutation({
    mutationFn: (params: { email: string; name: string }) =>
      UserService.save([params])
  });

  const handleSubmit = (e: React.FormEvent<HTMLFormElement>) => {
    e.preventDefault();
    const formData = new FormData(e.currentTarget);

    createUser.mutate({
      email: formData.get("email") as string,
      name: formData.get("name") as string
    });
  };

  return (
    <form onSubmit={handleSubmit}>
      <input name="email" type="email" required />
      <input name="name" required />
      <button type="submit" disabled={createUser.isPending}>
        {createUser.isPending ? "Creating..." : "Create User"}
      </button>

      {createUser.isSuccess && (
        <p>User created with ID: {createUser.data[0]}</p>
      )}

      {createUser.isError && (
        <p>Error: {createUser.error.message}</p>
      )}
    </form>
  );
}

Advanced Features

Unique Constraint Handling

UpsertBuilder automatically handles Unique constraints.

// If email is unique
await UserModel.save([
  { email: "john@example.com", name: "John" }, // INSERT
]);

await UserModel.save([
  { email: "john@example.com", name: "John Smith" }, // UPDATE (same email)
]);

JSON Columns

await UserModel.save([
  {
    id: 1,
    metadata: {
      preferences: {
        theme: "dark",
        language: "ko",
      },
      tags: ["vip", "premium"],
    },
  },
]);

Array Columns (PostgreSQL)

await PostModel.save([
  {
    id: 1,
    tags: ["typescript", "node", "database"],
  },
]);

Performance Optimization

Batch Size Limit

// Split large data saves into chunks
const users = [
  /* 10000 items */
];

// Save in chunks of 500
for (let i = 0; i < users.length; i += 500) {
  const chunk = users.slice(i, i + 500);
  await UserModel.save(chunk);
}

Transaction Reuse

@api({ httpMethod: "POST" })
@transactional()
async bulkOperation(data: LargeDataSet) {
  // Execute multiple saves in same transaction
  await UserModel.save(data.users);
  await PostModel.save(data.posts);
  await CommentModel.save(data.comments);

  // All succeed or all fail
}

Cautions

1. Pass as Array

save must receive an array.

// ❌ Wrong
await UserModel.save({ email: "john@example.com" });

// ✅ Correct
await UserModel.save([{ email: "john@example.com" }]);

2. Return Value is ID Array

// Single record
const [id] = await UserModel.save([{ ... }]);

// Multiple records
const [id1, id2, id3] = await UserModel.save([{ ... }, { ... }, { ... }]);

3. Caution with Partial Updates

// ❌ Email NOT changed to null
await UserModel.save([
  {
    id: 1,
    name: "New Name",
    // No email field → keeps existing value, does NOT change to null
  },
]);

// ✅ Explicit null
await UserModel.save([
  {
    id: 1,
    email: null, // Explicit null
  },
]);

4. Relationship Data Order

Save parent records before child records.

// ✅ Correct order
const [postId] = await PostModel.save([{ ... }]);
await CommentModel.save([{ post_id: postId, ... }]);

// ❌ Wrong order (no post_id)
await CommentModel.save([{ post_id: undefined, ... }]);
const [postId] = await PostModel.save([{ ... }]);

Next Steps

findById

Query saved records

del

Delete records

UpsertBuilder

UpsertBuilder detailed guide

@transactional

Using transactions

​Type Signature

​Auto-Generated Code

​Parameters

​saveParams

​Role of id

​Return Value

​Basic Usage

​Create New Record (INSERT)

​Update Record (UPDATE)

​Upsert (INSERT or UPDATE)

​UpsertBuilder How It Works

​1. Register Records (ubRegister)

​2. Execute Transaction

​3. Automatic INSERT/UPDATE Handling

​Batch Save

​Saving Relationship Data

​1:N Relationship

​N:M Relationship

​Practical Examples

​Partial Update

​Transactions

​With @transactional

​Validation

​1. Automatic Zod Validation

​2. Custom Validation

​API Usage

​Auto-Generated save API

​Client Code

​React (TanStack Query)

​Advanced Features

​Unique Constraint Handling

​JSON Columns

​Array Columns (PostgreSQL)

​Performance Optimization

​Batch Size Limit

​Transaction Reuse

​Cautions

​1. Pass as Array

​2. Return Value is ID Array

​3. Caution with Partial Updates

​4. Relationship Data Order

​Next Steps

findById

del

UpsertBuilder

@transactional

Type Signature

Auto-Generated Code

Parameters

saveParams

Role of id

Return Value

Basic Usage

Create New Record (INSERT)

Update Record (UPDATE)

Upsert (INSERT or UPDATE)

UpsertBuilder How It Works

1. Register Records (ubRegister)

2. Execute Transaction

3. Automatic INSERT/UPDATE Handling

Batch Save

Saving Relationship Data

1:N Relationship

N:M Relationship

Practical Examples

Partial Update

Transactions

With @transactional

Validation

1. Automatic Zod Validation

2. Custom Validation

API Usage

Auto-Generated save API

Client Code

React (TanStack Query)

Advanced Features

Unique Constraint Handling

JSON Columns

Array Columns (PostgreSQL)

Performance Optimization

Batch Size Limit

Transaction Reuse

Cautions

1. Pass as Array

2. Return Value is ID Array

3. Caution with Partial Updates

4. Relationship Data Order

Next Steps